Recent Articles

R Bala Rangaiah  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  13 Mar 2026

The contemporary jurisprudence and scenario of the corporate governance in India as well as globally has gone through a drastic systematic change which has not only shaped the corporate structure concerning board of directors, shareholders, subscribers, members but has also altered the concerns revolving around the inclusion of the vulnerable communities in the decision making procedure of the corporate governance. The situation of moving toward a comprehensive stakeholder-centric approach and away from the conventional theory of shareholder primacy is another significant change brought to corporate governance. Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) are now seen as crucial markers of organizational resilience, human capital efficiency, and Environmental, societal, and Governance (ESG) performance rather than just optional societal obligations in this developed paradigm. “The broader umbrella of Diversity and inclusivity has been a strong witness of the establishment of the level playing field where people from every community can strive towards excellence without having to face the obstruction of discrimination and hostility meted out by the society. For India, a nation currently navigating a transition from historical marginalization to legal recognition of transgender identities, these global lessons provide a vital roadmap. The integration of the transgender community into the formal economy is not just a moral imperative but a strategic necessity, particularly as regulatory bodies like the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) mandate increasingly granular reporting on social inclusion.”

Sayan Bose, Milan Das , Shyamsundar Bairagya  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  07 Feb 2026

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have received both praise and condemnation in higher education. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) debuted in 2008, and the phenomenon quickly acquired global traction. The present study aims to increase understanding of the effects of MOOCs on higher education and teachers' attitudes towards this emerging type of education by analysing existing research and data. The current study is quantitative, and the survey method of data collection was chosen due to the nature of the study and its demand. The population of the study included all higher education teachers of West Bengal. The analysis shows that there is no significant difference in male and female teachers' attitudes towards Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), nor is there a significant difference in teachers' attitudes towards Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) based on teaching experience. The major findings show that MOOCs have a positive influence on the attitude of higher education teachers.

Anuj Santosh Jagadale, Vivek Parshuram Diavte, Nilesh Dnyaneshwar Koli, Neha Agarwal  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  01 Feb 2026

Refining is the stage where crude hydrocarbons are re-engineered into high-performance fuels through a combination of physical separation, catalytic conversion, and molecular enhancement processes. This paper presents a humanized yet technically rigorous review of refinery unit evolution, process chemistry, quality drivers, and environmental adaptation. Major transformation pathways—including distillation, cracking, reforming, hydrotreating, alkylation, and fuel specification compliance—are analyzed to demonstrate how refinery operations transitioned from thermal-dominated processing to catalyst-centric precision engineering. Emphasis is placed on fuel quality enhancement metrics such as octane/cetane improvement, sulfur reduction, aromatic control, additive integration, and market-responsive reformulation. The study concludes that modern refining is no longer a linear chemical process but a dynamic molecular optimization ecosystem balancing yield, fuel performance, emissions standards, and commercial adaptability.

Anuj Santosh Jagadale, Vivek Parshuram Diavte, Nilesh Dnyaneshwar Koli, Neha Agarwal  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  30 Jan 2026

Crude oil refining has evolved into one of the most sophisticated industrial processes, yet its efficiency is deeply influenced by the quality of crude before it even reaches the refinery. This paper explores the transformation of pre-refining operations—from early manual handling and natural settling methods to advanced separation, stabilization, and conditioning technologies deployed at the wellhead and storage terminals. Key processes such as dehydration, desalting, sediment removal, vapor pressure stabilization, and crude blending are examined to highlight their role in reducing corrosion, protecting catalysts, preventing equipment fouling, and improving final fuel quality. The paper also traces historical milestones that shaped modern feedstock preparation and discusses emerging trends in digital monitoring and intelligent crude logistics. The study reinforces that upstream crude conditioning is a fundamental enabler of refinery performance, economic optimization, and environmental compliance.

Yug Patel, Carter Stephan, Aiden VanderMeer  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  30 Jan 2026

Friction is a resistive force between two surfaces that slide against each other. This experiment investigated how different materials affect frictional behavior on an imitation road surface. Rubber, ABS plastic, aluminum, and poplar were all dry-slid using a paver stone as a ramp to imitate asphalt. Each material was placed on top of the ramp. Then, the angle was increased until the sample moved. Additionally, the angle for the object to fall at a constant velocity was found. Each material was tested five times with two recorded angles for each trial. The values were then used to calculate friction coefficients. The results showed that rubber had a static friction coefficient of μ = 0.91, followed by wood at μ = 0.62, then plastic with μ = 0.47, and finally aluminum at μ = 0.30. Rubber also had the highest kinetic friction, due to its low hardness and loose molecular structure. Alternatively, aluminum displayed the lowest friction coefficient, even though it had the highest surface energy. This demonstrates that surface bonding alone does not have a large impact on frictional behavior. These findings show the importance of variables such as material roughness, composition, weight, hardness, and intermolecular bonding in friction. Additionally, this experiment depicts possibilities for tire applications. Wood is a possible alternative due to its stability and relatively high friction. Material weight and environmental variables were all controlled to better test properties as significant variables. The demonstrated results can influence environmentally friendly tire development, balancing frictional performance with sustainability.

K.B. Chethan Kumar, Prabhudeva B.B, Y.B. Basavaraju  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  23 Jan 2026

This study reports the design and synthesis of a series of pyrazole Schiff bases and their evaluation as potential antibacterial agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The compounds were synthesized via condensation of pyrazole amines with aromatic aldehydes and characterized using FT-IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. Pharmacophore modeling and ADMET predictions indicated favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Among the synthesized derivatives, compound 7i showed the most promising results, with a docking score of -7.4 kcal/mol against the PBP2a enzyme of MRSA and a binding free energy of -42.8 kcal/mol from MM-GBSA calculations. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of the 7i-PBP2a complex, while density functional theory (DFT) analysis revealed a HOMO-LUMO gap of 4.28 eV, indicating strong stability and reactivity. Antibacterial studies demonstrated that compound 7i exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 84 µg/mL and a zone of inhibition of 10 mm at 100 µg, highlighting measurable activity against MRSA. Compared with standard antibiotics, these results suggest that pyrazole Schiff bases, particularly compound 7i, represent a novel structural class with potential as lead molecules for the development of new anti-MRSA agents.

Yohan Engineer  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  06 Jan 2026

Mobile games, video streaming platforms and over-the-top (OTT) platforms are examples of digital entertainment platforms that are increasingly dependent on interface-level design strategies to maintain user engagement, retention, and monetization. In conjunction with usability and personalization, academic literature has also pointed to the increasing popularity of dark design patterns, design practices that affect the behaviour of users in a manner that can diminish transparency or informed choice. Although this practice has been examined in various digital spaces, there is still a paucity of systematic synthesis of entertainment platforms and how they are regulated in new markets. This paper is a literature review of the dark design patterns in the digital entertainment industry, their popularity, the thematic organization, and how they relate to the Indian regulatory environment. In accordance with PRISMA, 67 peer-reviewed articles were located and filtered in Scopus. The bibliometric analysis was carried out with the help of VOSviewer to map the intellectual framework and thematic development of the literature based on the analysis of co-occurrence of keywords. A narrowed down set of 20 important studies were then examined based on the Theory-Context-Characteristics-Methodology (TCCM) framework to facilitate deep qualitative synthesis. The results indicate thematic clusters that are different, but interrelated and include mobile gaming, streaming platforms, persuasive and deceptive design practices, user engagement mechanisms, and ethical considerations. The TCCM synthesis emphasizes the prevailing theoretical bases on behavioural science and persuasive technology, various entertainment settings, repetitive influence features, and a spectrum of qualitative, experimental, and computational procedures. The review also places these insights in the context of the consumer-oriented regulatory framework in India, which demonstrates how the regulatory instruments facilitate the principles of transparency, informed consent, and responsible design.

Dr Amit R Popat  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  05 Jan 2026

Big Data has exploded everywhere—from businesses and healthcare to government, social sciences, and research labs—changing how we create, crunch, and use information. Sure, Big Data analytics often spotlights fancy tools, algorithms, and machine learning, but at its heart, it's all built on solid statistics. This paper dives into why stats matter so much in this world, looking at its theory, inference power, and even ethical side. It shows how statistical thinking drives everything: generating data, checking its quality, building models, measuring uncertainty, figuring out cause-and-effect, and making smart decisions amid massive datasets. Pulling together key theories and frameworks, the paper makes the case that stats is the discipline that turns overwhelming data piles into real, trustworthy insights. It lays out a new framework putting statistics front and center as the backbone of Big Data analytics, with big takeaways for researchers, practitioners, and educators. Bottom line: tech keeps evolving, but you can't do Big Data without stats.

Somu Goudagavi, Suhas G V, Dr. Sunitha Y N, Amar Ghule  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  03 Jan 2026

This work presents a fault-tolerant dual-port RAM architecture implemented on an FPGA, aimed at improving memory reliability under concurrent access conditions. The proposed design integrates error correction coding (ECC) to detect and correct memory errors during read operations. A round-robin arbitration scheme is employed to handle simultaneous write conflicts between two independent ports accessing the same memory address. The memory is organized using even and odd banks to improve access efficiency and simplify arbitration. Fault injection is incorporated at the memory level to emulate single-bit and double-bit errors, enabling validation of error detection and correction functionality. An automatic scrubbing mechanism updates corrected data back into memory to prevent error accumulation. The design is described in Verilog, simulated for functional verification, and implemented on a Spartan-6 FPGA using Xilinx ISE 14.7. Simulation results and hardware outputs confirm correct dual-port operation, arbitration behavior, and reliable data access. Resource utilization and timing analysis demonstrate that fault tolerance is achieved with acceptable hardware overhead, making the architecture suitable for reliable FPGA-based memory systems.

Varunreddy B, Shwethashree R, Sujal Kumar R, Nanditha S, Dr.Jyothi H  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  22 Dec 2025

In today’s rapidly evolving digital ecosystem, the protection of sensitive data has become a critical requirement for applications such as cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT), embedded systems, and secure communication networks. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is widely adopted due to its strong security and standardization; however, software-based AES implementations often suffer from high latency, limited throughput, and increased power consumption, making them unsuitable for real-time and resource-constrained environments. This work presents a high-performance and area-efficient VLSI architecture for AES-128 encryption, specifically optimized for FPGA-based platforms. The proposed design is implemented using Verilog HDL and realized on a Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA. A sequential, round-based architecture is employed to achieve an optimal balance between performance, area utilization, and power efficiency. To reduce hardware overhead, a memory-based S-Box implementation using Block RAM is adopted, significantly minimizing logic duplication and resource consumption. Core AES transformations—SubBytes, ShiftRows, MixColumns, AddRoundKey, and Key Expansion—are modularly designed and controlled using a finite state machine (FSM). Functional correctness is validated using standard AES test vectors, while synthesis and timing analysis are carried out using Xilinx ISE and Cadence Genus. The results confirm that the proposed architecture is well-suited for real-time encryption in embedded and low-power systems. By offering a balance between performance and resource efficiency, the proposed AES architecture lays a strong foundation for future research and development in secure VLSI systems.

Sanjana, Ruchitha M, Dr. Sunitha Y N  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  20 Dec 2025

Stress, anxiety, depression, and emotional imbalance are measurable trends among the student population and young adults. Even though the understanding of these issues has been raised, still a great number of people reluctant to ask for professional help because of the social stigma, limited accessibility, lack of time, and financial barriers. This paper introduces the design and implementation of a Mental Health Support Chatbot, which offers the initial emotional support through a text-based conversation. The envisaged framework implements a rule-based mood detection method, wherein the user statements are examined with the help of the predetermined keywords and patterns. The chatbot, based on the recognized emotional state, thus, composes the empathetic and encouraging utterances which are generally based on the supportive counseling principles

Mr.Ganesh Janardhanji Chadge  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  17 Dec 2025

The demand for renewable energy sources is rapidly increasing, with wind energy playing a vital role in sustainable power generation. Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) are the most widely used configuration; however, they face limitations such as high cut-in wind speed, reduced efficiency at low wind conditions, and mechanical losses during start-up. This project explores methods to enhance the performance of horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) by integrating permanent‐magnet components. In particular, it investigates how permanent magnets can increase starting torque to lower the turbine’s cut-in wind speed, and how a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) can boost electrical conversion efficiency. Combined aerodynamic and magnetic design changes are expected to lower the minimum operational wind speed and raise overall system efficiency. This project proposes the integration of a permanent magnet arrangement into the turbine system to enhance efficiency and overall energy output. The permanent magnets are expected to provide magnetic lift and torque assistance, enabling smoother start-up at lower wind speeds while simultaneously improving generator performance through reduced electrical and mechanical losses.The research involves design and simulation of a modified HAWT system using CAD and analytical tools, followed by prototype development and experimental testing. Comparative analysis will be conducted between the conventional turbine and the magnet-assisted system to evaluate improvements in start-up speed, efficiency, and power generation. The expected outcome is a significant reduction in cut-in wind speed and an overall increase in energy conversion efficiency, making the system more viable in low-wind regions.

Jeevan A T, Dr. Vijayakumar T, Hemanth Kumar S, Ashwanth M, Karun Kumar  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  15 Dec 2025

Space communication systems face significant challenges due to harsh channel conditions characterized by high bit error rates, burst errors, and low signal-to-noise ratios. This paper presents an FPGA-based implementation of an enhanced error detection and correction codes for space communication applications. The proposed system integrates CRC-16 error detection with a systematic Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check (QC-LDPC) encoder operating at rate-1/2 with lifting factor Z=16. A block interleaver/deinterleaver pair effectively mitigates burst errors, while an enhanced LDPC decoder employing the offset min-sum algorithm provides robust error correction capabilities. The complete system is successfully implemented on a resource-constrained Xilinx Spartan-6 XC6SLX9 FPGA device. Hardware validation is performed using a 4×4 matrix keypad for data input and a 16×2 LCD display for real-time output visualization. Comprehensive evaluation through simulation waveforms, BER vs SNR analysis, and synthesis reports demonstrates the system's effectiveness in achieving bit error rates below 10⁻³ at 10 dB SNR. Cadence synthesis results show the design occupies 389,391.742 µm² area with 125.2 mW power consumption and a maximum frequency of 66 MHz, validating practical feasibility for satellite communication.

Dr. C. Kasimani, Dr. K. Sudhakar  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  14 Dec 2025

ABSTRACT The Public libraries roles are vast in development of user communities very important. It provide updated news, articles, books, journals, Government schemes reports, e-books and other study materials to such goals is difficult to contradict. Users are the one the components in public libraries. The Public Libraries identification and fulfill of their needs and satisfaction are the objectives any library. This paper mainly focuses on the services provided by Chennai Central Libraries and satisfaction level of these services from user’s perspective. The study thus well-designed a descriptive Survey and applied random Sampling Technique over 100 users of from the concert the study area. The questionnaire used as a tool to collect data, and 84 questionnaires were received from respondents. It was discovered by the study that the library is focusing main role at some extended but many areas need to be revised the expectation and intellectual needs of society. Majority of users 41(48.81 %%) used the library on a daily and utilized the libraries quite frequently. The study implied with 43(51.19%) of users spend the time in library less than one hour and 14(16.67%) spent them time up to one hour to read the Periodicals (73.81%) after the most satisfied with library service, library staff member services and overall services in libraries.

Dr. Anju Tiwari  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  14 Dec 2025

Abstract— This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of the relationship between income inequality and growth of country with a special reference of India . The paper includes Measurement ,Causes, Consequences, and Policy Implications In the theoretical literature, I identified various models by which income inequality can be measure and what position India reserve? Literature review causes of inequality and how it effects the society. we found that the income inequality have a negative effect on growth of people and it is highly debatable. Theoretical and empirical literature is reviewed and synthesis is done to understand the income inequality-growth nexus

MAIDUL ISLAM, Dr. Md. Aslam Parwez  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  12 Dec 2025

This article examines how Shardlake’s disability, often a source of societal stigma, becomes a defining aspect of his strength, enabling him to drive complex socio-political landscapes and solve tangled mysteries. This study explores how the protagonist challenges dominant narratives of physical perfection and societal exclusion. The article underscores Tombland as a vital contribution to the representation of disability in historical fiction, celebrating the triumph of intellect and morality over adversity. C.J. Sansom’s Tombland presents a compelling narrative that intertwines historical intrigue with a profound exploration of disability and durability. It also examines how Shardlake overcomes his physical limitations to become an emblematic figure in historical fiction, exploring critical interpretations of his character and Sansom’s representation of disability.

Mahesh Veershetty, Mrs. Anushree R, Srinivasa TV, Suprith D, ABHISHEK NS  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  28 Nov 2025

The increasing global adoption of Photovoltaic (PV) systems highlights the need for efficient maintenance, as defects such as hotspots, microcracks, and delamination significantly reduce energy output and system lifespan. Manual thermal inspections are slow, subjective, and unsuitable for large solar installations. This work presents an automated, real-time defect detection system using thermal imaging and a lightweight YOLOv9-nano deep-learning model optimized for embedded deployment. The model was trained on a multi-class thermal dataset from Roboflow containing eight types of solar-panel anomalies, following a structured pipeline of preprocessing, augmentation, 50-epoch training, and inference evaluation. The system achieved approximately 94.5% mAP and an inference speed of around 28 FPS in CPU-based simulation, indicating strong suitability for Raspberry Pi 4 Model B deployment after optimization. The results demonstrate the system’s potential as a scalable, low-cost predictive-maintenance tool capable of early fault detection, improved operational reliability, and enhanced energy yield in PV installations.

Fionna Ananth, P.ELDIN RINO  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  26 Nov 2025

Schools play a vital role in student health but often lack real-time medical updates. Traditional parental reporting of student illnesses is slow and prone to errors. This paper proposes integrating hospital Electronic Health Records (EHRs) with the Educational Management Information System (EMIS) for real-time health monitoring and automated medical leave certification. The system uses FHIR/HL7-compliant APIs to securely send medical updates and leave certificates from hospitals to schools. Role-based access control (RBAC) and encryption ensure compliance with data protection laws. When a student is diagnosed, hospitals update the EHR, generating a digital medical leave certificate that is instantly sent to EMIS, allowing schools to update attendance and support remote learning. This integration improves emergency response, automates leave tracking, prevents fraud, and enhances communication between schools, parents, and healthcare providers. Anonymized data can also help government agencies track disease outbreaks. Challenges like data privacy, interoperability, and adoption resistance are addressed through encryption, standardized protocols, and pilot testing. Future research will explore AI-driven health risk prediction and blockchain-based medical leave verification. By connecting healthcare and education, this system enhances student safety, reduces administrative burdens, and improves communication among stakeholders.

gauri sale, Dr. Sonal Ayare  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  13 Nov 2025

This paper explores **Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI)** systems that exhibit autonomous, goal-directed behavior and independent decision-making. It discusses their **architectural foundations**, including reasoning engines, memory systems, and planning frameworks that enable self-directed actions. The study highlights key **capabilities** such as multi-step reasoning, tool use, and adaptive learning across various domains. It also examines **challenges** related to safety, alignment, and ethical deployment. Overall, the paper emphasizes the transformative potential of agentic AI and the need for responsible governance in its development.

Avani Shinde, Dr. Sonal Ayare  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  12 Nov 2025

This paper explores how Multimodal Artificial Intelligence (AI) combines diverse medical data—like images, text, physiological signals, and sensor data—to support real-time healthcare decisions. It highlights how integrating multiple data types enhances diagnostic accuracy, speeds up emergency care, improves surgical precision, and assists in chronic and mental health monitoring. The paper discusses fusion techniques (early, late, and intermediate) and key AI models such as CNNs, RNNs, and Transformers used for processing medical data. Major challenges include data integration, computational demands, privacy, and ethical regulation. Looking forward, it emphasizes the importance of explainable AI, personalized medicine, and the use of emerging technologies like 5G, edge computing, and IoMT (Internet of Medical Things). The conclusion asserts that multimodal AI will revolutionize healthcare by enabling precision medicine, proactive care, and better patient outcomes.