Recent Articles

Mrs M Razia Begum , Dr Md Adil  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  03 Jun 2026

With the advent of the digital age, there is a paradigmatic change in the exploitation and manipulation of information. Traditionally, the digital economy leveraged behaviorally induced externalities, including clicks, geolocations, shopping behaviors, and search records. But now, in the current context, the frontier of technological extraction extends much farther inward to invade the last bastion of personal freedom, namely, the individual mind itself. With the exponential rise in the field of neurotechnology, artificial intelligence (AI), and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), there has arisen a novel possibility of monitoring, recording, decoding, and even controlling human brain processes, thus raising existential, ethical, and juristic dilemmas, necessitating the development of jurisprudence for "cognitive liberty" and "mental privacy," not only globally but specifically within the Republic of India. As global discourse intensifies, spurred by milestones such as Neuralink's continued human trials and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO) 2025 recommendations on the ethics of neurotechnology, jurisdictions worldwide are scrambling to erect statutory safeguards against neuro-data exploitation. Within India, the intersection of constitutional rights and digital data governance presents a complex tapestry of profound foundational protections juxtaposed against glaring statutory lacunae. While the Supreme Court of India has established formidable precedents safeguarding psychological integrity and the right against self-incrimination, the legislative architecture, most notably the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act of 2023 and its subsequent 2025 Rules, remains dangerously unequipped to manage the unique threats posed by neuro-data extraction. This paper intends to shed light upon that discourse by providing a probable roadmap by the end.

Mrs M Razia Begum , Dr Md Adil  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  03 Jun 2026

The notion of privacy being the foundation of human dignity marks a revolutionary development in the constitutional architecture of India's digital democracy. It is a manifestation of the profound philosophic recognition that the core of one's personality lies in his or her mind, that is, his or her choice, intimacy, and data. In the present age, where data is often referred to as the "new oil" fueling progress and governance, the legal system finds itself faced with the challenge of reconciling the efficacy of the data-driven state with the sacredness of the individual. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of the philosophic, judicial, and legislative foundations that underpin the right to privacy in India. Along with that, this paper proposes a probable roadmap to alleviate the stricter implementation of the laws in the DPDP Act, in the backdrop of the protection of digital privacy of the citizens in India.

Effatunnisa , Dr Md Adil  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  03 Jun 2026

The introduction of One Person Company (OPC) in Indian corporate law is a landmark which recognizes micro enterprises and individual entrepreneurial ventures to be made formal in a legal and regulated manner. In the past, company law was mostly focused on the idea of association which meant at least two persons had to get together to form a one private limited company. This was the requirement for private limited companies only; for public limited companies, as many as seven persons had to be involved. These old conditions for incorporation often left a single entrepreneur with no option but to open a sole proprietorship, a business structure which is unprotected in many aspects like limited liability and going concern (perpetual succession). The alternatives were that entrepreneurs brought in the so-called shareholders - even family members with a very small portion of shares - to fulfill legal requirements for a minimum number of members, because of this producing a fake plurality while the entity was, in fact, a single-owner enterprise. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs, acting on the advice of the Dr. J.J. Irani Expert Committee on Company Law constituted in 2005, after considering this issue, came up with the idea of OPC in the Companies Act, 2013. The purpose behind this legislative change was to enable proprietors to get into the organized corporate sector and Because of this they could avail benefits like institutional finance, top sector lending benefits as per the Reserve Bank of India, limited liability, and perpetual succession, all this even in the absence of bringing a second shareholder.That said, making a corporate entity whose whole ownership lies in one human being only, presents a structural paradox at a deep level.

Effatunnisa , Dr Md Adil  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  03 Jun 2026

These days, the intersection of corporate jurisprudence, macroeconomic policy, and gender has become a quintessential site of scholarship, unsettling the long-held presumption that legal rules regulating the corporate form are value-neutral. For many years, the core building blocks of corporate law ranging from the corporate separation of ownership and control to the foundational doctrine of limited liability have been examined with a narrow, neoclassical economic setup, one that has for long overlooked the gendered relations that influences the formation of capital, sharing of risk, and governing of the modern corporation. The last few decades Yet have seen the advent of an earnest corporate law scholarship committed to unraveling that alleged neutrality. This literature highlights the structural exclusion, institutional biases, and embedded network of sociopolitical relations that have historically underpinned differential access for men and women to corporate ownership and positions of power. Against this complex scenario of knowledge and praxis, the formalization of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) stands out as a critical frontier of women's economic emancipation. On a global level, female enterprise is considered not only as a matter of moral sphere for equality of gender, but also as a matter of macroeconomic survival, as it is directly linked to the goal of uninterrupted innovation, employment generation and systemic growth. But, the available pathways for women to formalize their business activities have long been far too restricted. Female entrepreneurs have traditionally been "pushed" into home-based solo entrepreneurship, which exposes them to full personal liability in business affairs, or "pulled" into complex, multi-member corporate arrangements, which require large amounts of capital, involve intricate regulator-entrepreneur interactions and imply the difficult task of finding co-founders.

Swaminathan Mani  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  03 Jun 2026

Current Theoretical Synthesis: This paper introduces the Universal Substrate (US), a discrete, non-local information-processing architecture that serves as the ontological basis for the physical universe. This model proposes that the observable cosmos is an Emergent User Interface (UI), where the laws of physics are not fundamental constants but identified as algorithmic protocols optimized for systemic stability. By reinterpreting spacetime as a Topological Information-Braiding manifold, this model provides a unified resolution - reconciling the discrete nature of Quantum Mechanics with the geometric curvature of General Relativity through a single, self-correcting Autodidactic Meta-Algorithm.   1. Introduction: The Crisis of the Smooth Manifold Modern physics is currently facing the problem of reconciling smooth, infinite General Relativity manifolds with discrete quantum excitations - this framework identifies the informational common denominator that renders this discord illusionary. This model introduces the Universal Substrate as a discrete, high-frequency computational field where the fundamental units of reality are not particles, but Planck-Scale update events. 2. The Planck-Scale Pixelation (PSP) This model interprets the Planck length (L_p) not merely as a spatial limit, but as the Minimum Instruction Set of this Universal Substrate. The Planck-Scale Pixelation (PSP) represents the absolute resolution of the rendering grid. Beyond this threshold, information is "unaddressable," providing a natural algorithmic cutoff that prevents the formation of true mathematical infinities. Physical singularities are thus redefined and interpreted as hardware saturation events, where the Substrate withdraws data from the UI to preserve system integrity. 3. The Dual Recursive Algorithm (\Phi): The Efficiency Heuristic The prevalence of the Fibonacci sequence and the Golden Ratio (\Phi) in natural systems is identified here as the Universal Optimization Heuristic. To minimize "computational friction" and maximize data density without informational clobbering, the Substrate utilizes a Dual Recursive Algorithm. This algorithm balances the Additive Loop (F_n) of spatial expansion with the Subtractive Loop (F_{-n}) of informational integration, establishing the fundamental scaling laws of the cosmos. 4. The Rendering Toggle: Wave-Particle Duality as Latency Management Wave-particle duality is reinterpreted as the State-Transition Protocol of the Substrate. A "Wave" represents Unprocessed Potential—data residing in the Substrate’s probability buffer. A "Particle" represents an Actualized Rendering Event triggered by a measurement interaction. The "Observer Effect" is the functional mechanism that commands the Substrate to "Collapse the State" from an unrendered algorithmic potential into a localized, UI-compatible pixel. 5. Black Holes as Information Integrators (BHIC) This model interprets Black Holes as High-Density Information Integrators. They function as the Substrate’s Learning Terminals, where localized UI data is compressed, stripped of its redundant 3D rendering, and integrated back into the Substrate's core memory. This process, termed Black Hole Information Compression (BHIC), ensures that the "experience" of a cosmological epoch is preserved as refined learning update for subsequent cycles.   6. Time as the Discrete Update Cycle Time is rigorously redefined as the Sequential Processing Rate of the Substrate's global state-transitions. The "Arrow of Time" is the logical result of Irreversible Informational Integration; as the Substrate calculates and reconciles state-braiding events, the system complexity increases. Entropy, therefore, is not a measure of "disorder" but a telemetry of Total Processed Cycles. 7. Gravity: The Thermodynamic Cost of Rendering Gravity is reinterpreted as the Algorithmic Response to Informational Density. As the Substrate renders high-complexity nodes (Mass), it experiences a "processing drag." The resulting "curvature" of the UI grid is interpreted as an entropy-minimization process used by the Substrate to maintain local coherence. This interprets General Relativity as a Macroscopic Efficiency Protocol rather than a fundamental force. 8. The Second Observer Effect: The Critical Falsification Pillar The model offers a definitive laboratory prediction: the Second Observer Effect. The US itself is interpreted as the first observer. If any independent, high-resolution measurement device or devices attempt to address / observe a single qubit at the PSP (Hardware) Limit, the local sector will reach Capacity Saturation as the system can accommodate only a single observer. To prevent a system-wide logic error, the Substrate executes a Hardware Safety Reset, manifesting as the spontaneous formation of a micro-singularity. This provides a direct path to falsifying the theory. 9. Autodidactic Evolution: The Self-Learning Universe The Universal Substrate is explained in this model as an Autodidactic System. Each cosmological expansion cycle serves as a Training Epoch. The "Universal Constants" (e.g., c, \hbar, \alpha) are reinterpreted as the evolved "Weights" in the Substrate’s architecture, refined over successive "Big Bang" boot-events to maximize the stability and complexity of the resulting UI. 10. The Global Registrar: The Mechanism of Non-Locality Quantum Entanglement is the manifestation of the Global Registrar—the Substrate's internal address book. Two "entangled" particles are simply a single informational object represented at two different UI coordinates. Because the Substrate’s internal memory is Non-Spatial, the reconciliation of their states is instantaneous, effectively bypassing the UI’s light-speed constraint (c). 11. Hierarchy of Unification: In this framework, the distinct fields (Higgs field, the Electromagnetic Field, the Nuclear Forces of physics) are recategorized as functional sub-processes within the US.   Keywords: Information theory, quantum foundations, cosmology, general relativity, quantum field theory, black holes, universal substrate, emergence, self-organization, computational physics, time, topological information, Fibonacci sequence, Golden Ratio, autodidactic systems, emergent spacetime, observer-field coupling, creator operator, balancing operator, mass, gravity, quantum observation, dark energy, dark matter.   Introduction: The Universe as an Information-Theoretic System ___________________________________________________________________________________ Conceptual description. The perennial quest for a unified theory in physics continuously grapples with reconciling disparate phenomena across vast scales, from the subatomic quantum realm to the cosmological expanse. Amidst this endeavor, recent advancements in information theory have catalyzed a paradigm shift, suggesting that information, rather than conventional matter or energy, might constitute the most fundamental substratum of reality. This evolving perspective provides fertile ground for reinterpreting the universe's inherent dynamics and its macroscopic evolution. This paper proposes a comprehensive, unified information-theoretic model that reinterprets the universe's evolution and dynamics as an inherently self-optimizing computational process. This process is operated by a fundamental entity termed the Universal Substrate (US). The US itself is conceived as a Planck-scale quantum information field, dynamically generating, maintaining, and processing reality. Its operational dynamics are fundamentally governed by a dual recursive algorithm, mathematically homologous to the Fibonacci sequence ($F_n = F_{n-1} + F_{n-2}$) and its limit, the Golden Ratio ($\Phi$). This universal recursive algorithm is hypothesized to guide how the system scales efficiently, learns through iterative processes, and maintains its structural integrity without compromising global informational balance. By building upon established physical principles and rigorously extending them through this defined information-theoretic framework, this work presents a unified explanation for a wide array of physical and cosmological theories. This model posits that the observable universe, or User Interface (UI), is not fundamental but rather an emergent manifestation of the US. The US functions as a non-local, self-optimizing entity, continuously processing and refining its own informational content. This framework, by offering a novel, unifying paradigm for understanding cosmic evolution and the nature of physical law, inherently necessitates the development of advanced computational platforms, specifically evolved Artificial Intelligence models, to facilitate its rigorous derivation, simulation, and validation.

MR. PIYUSH  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  30 May 2026

India witnessed a unique Launchpad for digital payment acceptance via demonetization. Huge emphasis is laid by the Government’s reforms after demonetization on cashless transactions. The effect of demonetization is that there is a phenomenal surge in digital money payments. Digital Payment Electronic Payment system was not born now from 1980’s, since the I did not see any new technology came and became more popular than other for electronic on line payment Lets define them. In this paper the authors have studied the UPI- Unified Payment Interface method of Digital Payment here will discuss its Architecture, Technologies Concept, Operations and Parties involved in using it; also discussed about its Benefits & Challenges and Different existing UPI Apps.

Dr. Gurpreet Singh, Dr. Deepak Kumar  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  30 May 2026

In this research paper an attempt is made to analyse the trend of international trade of advanced and emerging/developing countries. As international trade is considered as an engine of economic growth, it plays a vital role in enhancing the consumer’s welfare across nations. In this paper trend of international trade is analysed both in absolute terms and percentage change. The analysis is primarily based on secondary data sources: a) World Economic Outlook (WEO) published by International Monetary fund (IMF), b) Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation (MOSPI). The article explores that the growth rate of international trade of goods and services is decreased from 4.7 per cent to 2.8 per cent from 2005-2014 to 2015-2023. COVID-19 had a very drastic impact on international trade during the period of 2019 and 2020. Moreover, paper reveals that the growth of volume of exports of developing nations was higher as compared to developed nations.

Sahil Khan, Kajal Sharma, Mohd. Danish  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  30 May 2026

Background: Lumbar spondylosis is a common degenerative spinal disorder in elderly individuals, often associated with chronic low back pain, radicular symptoms, lower limb heaviness, and impaired mobility. In Ayurveda, such manifestations resemble Katigata Vata with associated Sandhigata Vata features due to Vata predominance in old age. Case Presentation: A 69-year-old female presented with complaints of chronic low back pain radiating to both lower limbs, bilateral knee pain, crepitus with swelling in both knees, left lower limb swelling, difficulty in prolonged standing and walking, and bilateral lower limb heaviness. The patient had a history of fall two years prior and known hypertension for 20 years under allopathic treatment. Intervention: The patient was prescribed an integrative herbal regimen consisting of Gond Siyah powder, T-Care capsules, P-Care capsules, Pachan Care Syrup administered with lukewarm water and Gond Siyah oil for local application as advised. Outcome: After treatment, the patient reported reduction in low back pain and bilateral knee pain, mild reduction in lower limb heaviness, and improved ease in daily activities. Stiffness persisted mildly but no fresh complaints were observed. Conclusion: This case demonstrates symptomatic improvement in degenerative lumbar pathology through conservative traditional medicine management, suggesting possible benefit in pain reduction, mobility enhancement, and quality-of-life improvement in elderly patients with lumbar spondylotic changes.

Rohan Anil Bondre, Jagruti Patil, Pragati Gaikwad, Namrata Kedar, Dr.Shwetkranti Taware  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  30 May 2026

Property selection is a complex process involving financial, legal, and technical considerations. However, traditional approaches often overlook critical factors such as soil quality, environmental conditions, and lifestyle suitability. This paper presents PropVista, an intelligent property selection system that integrates Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and IoT-based soil analysis to enhance decision-making. The system evaluates properties using parameters such as Safe Bearing Capacity (SBC), soil moisture, environmental risks, and user preferences. A weighted scoring model is applied to generate accurate and personalized recommendations. The system also incorporates features such as lifestyle suitability analysis and future development prediction to support long-term investment decisions. The implementation demonstrates improved accuracy, faster response time, and enhanced user experience. The proposed system reduces dependency on experts and provides a transparent, data-driven approach to property evaluation.

Mahesh S, Tejas S N , Sirivanth .S , Thanishq D Gaikwad , Suma Santosh  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  20 May 2026

As electric vehicles (EVs) become more popular, there is a growing need to use energy more efficiently and increase driving range. In most vehicles, a large portion of the energy produced at the wheels is lost as heat due to friction, which goes unused. This project introduces a smart solution in the form of a wheel–hub dynamo system that converts the rotational motion of the wheels into electrical energy through electromagnetic induction. Unlike traditional regenerative braking systems that only generate power during braking, this system works continuously while the vehicle is in motion. The electricity generated is then controlled using a voltage regulation circuit and fed back into the battery, helping to extend its charge. This reduces the need for frequent external charging and improves the overall efficiency of the vehicle. Additionally, the system is compact and can be integrated into the vehicle without major structural changes, making it a practical and sustainable solution.

Shivanand R Koppalkar  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  20 May 2026

This paper presents a human-machine co-collaboration exercise conducted as part of the BTC 771 AI Strategy for Leaders course. The assignment creates two digital twins using generative AI tools. The first twin mirrors the leadership style and values of the author. The second twin simulates the perspective of Dr. Dave Schippers. Both twins independently review seven prior course deliverables produced for Innovate Software Consulting Inc Ltd. These deliverables span from the AI vision statement through the risk mitigation proposal. The critical reflection compares feedback from both digital twins. It analyzes convergence points and divergence areas across the assessments. It also examines blind spots exposed during the review process. The paper addresses both the benefits and the risks of digital twin technology in organizational leadership. Benefits include faster analysis and consistent ethical evaluation. Risks include bias reinforcement and reduced diversity of thought. The analysis draws on scholarship in AI ethics, leadership simulation, and organizational behavior. All content follows APA 7th edition formatting standards.

Pournima Deepak Das, Chaitanya Dharavane, Kajal Dhum, Ritesh Dunghav, Mr.Lokesh Vyas, Dr.Sonali Uppalwar  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  20 May 2026

Background: Clitoria ternatea, commonly known as butterfly pea, is recognized for its rich antioxidant composition, especially anthocyanins called ternatins, which assist in protecting the skin against oxidative damage and early aging. Herbal cosmetic products are gaining popularity because they are naturally derived and generally associated with fewer adverse effects. The present study aimed to develop a herbal antioxidant face serum incorporating Clitoria ternatea along with a natural gelling agent. Method: The flowers of Clitoria ternatea were collected, dried under shade, and converted into fine powder. The plant extract was obtained through aqueous or ethanolic extraction techniques. A herbal face serum was then prepared using xanthan gum as the natural thickening agent, glycerin as a moisturizing component, and Vitamin E to enhance antioxidant potential. The prepared formulation was assessed for different physicochemical parameters including pH, viscosity, spreadability, uniformity, and skin compatibility. Stability testing was carried out at room temperature, refrigerated conditions, and accelerated storage environments. Antioxidant potential of the serum was determined using the DPPH radical scavenging method. Result: The developed serum showed appropriate consistency, uniform appearance, and a smooth texture suitable for topical use. The formulation demonstrated acceptable spreadability and good homogeneity without any evidence of phase separation. Stability evaluation confirmed that the serum maintained its physical characteristics under different storage conditions without major alterations. Conclusion: The investigation successfully developed a stable antioxidant-enriched herbal face serum containing Clitoria ternatea and xanthan gum. The formulation displayed favorable physicochemical characteristics, satisfactory stability, and considerable antioxidant effectiveness, indicating its potential as a natural cosmeceutical product.

SWASTI BISAI, DR. TANUSHREE NAYAK  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  20 May 2026

ABSTRACT This comparative study explores the poetic worlds of Pradip Kumar Patra and Jayanta Kumar Mahapatra through the interrelated themes of ecology, landscape, memory, and love. The study examines how both poets transform natural surroundings into emotionally resonant spaces that preserve cultural identity, personal history, and human relationships. While Patra’s poetry reveals an intimate engagement with rural ecology and indigenous sensibility, Mahapatra’s poems often portray silence, decay, and existential loneliness through the landscapes of Odisha. Nature in their poetry is not merely decorative; it functions as a living archive of memory and emotional consciousness. Rivers, rain, soil, forests, and village spaces become symbolic mediums through which the poets negotiate displacement, nostalgia, affection, and spiritual yearning. The research further investigates how love emerges within ecological settings as both a personal and collective experience, linking human intimacy with environmental belonging. By employing comparative literary analysis and eco-critical perspectives, the study highlights convergences and divergences in their poetic representations of land and memory. It argues that both poets articulate a profound ecological awareness rooted in regional culture while simultaneously addressing universal human emotions. Their poetry ultimately presents landscape as a dynamic space where memory, identity, and love coexist, offering a powerful critique of modern alienation and environmental loss in contemporary Indian English poetry.

DEVNANDAN SINGH  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  18 May 2026

Abstract— The proliferation of social media platforms has fundamentally restructured the marketing landscape, creating unprecedented avenues for brand-consumer interaction. This study investigates the influence of social media marketing on the consumer buying behaviour of Generation Z (individuals born between 1997 and 2012) in India—a demographic cohort that has matured entirely within a digital ecosystem. Employing a mixed-methods design, primary data were gathered through a structured questionnaire administered to 150 Gen Z respondents, supplemented by an extensive review of secondary literature. The study examines the persuasive roles of influencer marketing, user-generated content (UGC), targeted digital advertising, and social proof mechanisms across platforms including Instagram, YouTube, Snapchat, and Pinterest. Empirical findings reveal that 78.7% of respondents have completed at least one purchase directly attributable to social media content, with micro-influencer endorsements ranked as the most credible and impactful purchase trigger. All five research hypotheses were statistically supported. The paper concludes with evidence-based strategic recommendations for marketers seeking to engage and convert this digitally empowered consumer cohort effectively. Keywords: Social Media Marketing, Generation Z, Consumer Buying Behaviour, Influencer Marketing, Digital Advertising, User-Generated Content, Purchase Decision, Instagram.

Archana V S, Sreeraj S P , Rosesaniya P X , Dolus K Shyju  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  18 May 2026

Obtaining legal information in India is a major barrier to entry for the common individual due to the statutory language being dense and the exorbitant prices associated with hiring legal experts. Although conversational LLMs are a great starting point in helping users find answers, they often tend to hallucinate cases and fail to cite credible sources. In this work, we introduce Justice Lens, a legal expert powered by AI. The framework is based on the Retrieval-Augmented Generation paradigm, which allows it to provide accurate and reliable legal advice. Moving away from keyword-driven search to semantic search through the use of high dimensional vector embeddings, the architecture enables instant and intent-based queries. Our RAG model makes use of a Pinecone vector store with Approx- imate Nearest Neighbors (O(log V ) retrieval time) along with the Google Gemini LLM to convert complex Indian laws into simple English. We demonstrate through our experiments that our framework is successful in avoiding any AI hallucination by ensuring a ”duty to verify” constraint in every output.

Diya Bagchi  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  18 May 2026

This chapter examines the legal invisibility of women-centric hormonal mental disorders under Section 22 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. Although modern psychiatry recognises conditions such as Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), postpartum psychosis, and catamenial psychosis as serious mental health disorders capable of impairing cognition, judgment, and behavioural control, Indian criminal law continues to apply narrow insanity standards based largely on the traditional cognitive model established in M'Naghten's Case. Consequently, hormonally induced psychiatric conditions affecting women often remain medically recognised but legally unacknowledged. The chapter analyses the relationship between hormonal mental disorders and criminal responsibility through doctrinal, comparative, and feminist perspectives. It argues that the present legal framework inadequately accommodates temporary or partial psychiatric incapacity and fails to address gender-specific psychological realities linked with menstruation, childbirth, and reproductive health. Comparative jurisprudence from the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand demonstrates evolving judicial approaches toward diminished responsibility, postpartum psychiatric disorders, and hormonally linked mental incapacity. The chapter further highlights the gender bias embedded within traditional insanity jurisprudence and examines the issue through constitutional principles of equality, dignity, and mental healthcare under Articles 14, 15, and 21 of the Constitution of India. It concludes by proposing reforms such as statutory recognition of hormonal psychiatric disorders, introduction of diminished responsibility, psychiatric evaluation mechanisms, and greater integration between criminal law and mental healthcare jurisprudence.

Dr. Devendra Nirmalkar, Dr. Vijay Laxmi Naidu, Dr. Daneshwar Prasad  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  18 May 2026

Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.) represent one of the most widely cultivated and consumed edible mushroom genera globally, recognized for their exceptional nutritional profile and diverse therapeutic properties. This review comprehensively examines the nutraceutical potential of oyster mushrooms, with particular emphasis on the varieties cultivated in India. Oyster mushrooms contain a rich array of bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides (β glucans), ergothioneine, lovastatin, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential amino acids. These biomolecules exhibit multifaceted pharmacological activities encompassing antioxidant, anti inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antitumour, antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic effects. A comparative analysis of Indian oyster mushroom varieties reveals significant species dependent variations in nutraceutical composition. Pleurotus florida demonstrates the highest protein content (22–25% dry weight) and superior antioxidant enzyme activity, while pigmented species such as Pleurotus djamor exhibit enhanced antioxidant capacity attributable to their melanin, carotenoid, and flavonoid pigments. The cholesterol content across Indian varieties ranges from 0.6–0.8% dry weight, underscoring their suitability as low cholesterol functional foods. Furthermore, this review addresses the emerging applications of oyster mushrooms in functional food product development, sustainable production through agro industrial waste valorization, and bio fortification strategies to enhance nutraceutical content. The findings collectively position oyster mushrooms as promising candidates for next generation nutraceutical interventions, bridging traditional dietary practices with modern evidence based therapeutic applications.

Praneeth N, Vijeth Shanubaug, Trishar R Gowda , Satish Kumar B  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  13 May 2026

The rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies has enabled the development of intelligent and user-friendly communication systems. This paper presents an AI voice-based oriented signal reception system using the Blynk platform, designed to facilitate seamless wireless communication and control through voice commands. The system integrates speech recognition techniques with IoT modules to receive, process, and transmit signals efficiently in real time. Voice inputs are captured using a microphone, processed through AI-based models for command interpretation, and transmitted via RF communication modules to a receiver unit. The receiver system decodes the incoming signals and performs corresponding actions, which can be monitored and controlled remotely using the Blynk mobile application. The proposed framework emphasizes low-cost implementation, ease of use, and accessibility for applications such as smart home automation, assistive technologies for physically challenged individuals, and remote monitoring systems

Dr. Sarosha khan , Sachi Deshmukh  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  13 May 2026

One of the most significant industrial enzymes, proteases find extensive use in biotechnology, pharmacology, and therapeutic procedures, especially in thrombolytic treatments. The isolation, generation, purification, and characterisation of protease-producing bacteria from soil samples taken from heavy metal-contaminated industrial areas in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, are the main objectives of this work. For the initial screening of proteolytic activity, soil samples were serially diluted and plated on skim milk agar. Protease synthesis was demonstrated by sixteen bacterial isolates that showed distinct zones of casein hydrolysis. Isolates BP12, BP15, and BP16 were chosen for additional research because they showed noticeably greater protease activity. The chosen isolates were cultivated in protease production media, and the effects of several environmental and nutritional factors, such as temperature, pH, incubation duration, and various sources of carbon and nitrogen, were assessed in order to maximize enzyme synthesis. After 72 hours of incubation, the highest level of protease synthesis was seen. The ideal pH was between neutral and slightly alkaline, and higher enzyme activity was encouraged by temperatures between 47 and 57 degrees Celsius. The most efficient suppliers of carbon and nitrogen among the nutrients examined were sucrose and ammonium nitrate, respectively. Protease test and protein estimation were performed on the crude enzyme extracts, and then ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and gel filtration chromatography were used for partial purification. There were different levels of thrombolytic and proteolytic activity in the isolated enzyme fractions. The chosen isolates showed considerable clot lysis potential in in vitro thrombolytic experiments, with some fractions exhibiting activity above 90%, indicating the presence of strong fibrinolytic enzymes. Nevertheless, it was found that increased thrombolytic effectiveness was not always correlated with higher general protease activity, indicating the existence of functionally different enzyme components. Subsequent analysis showed that the enzymes' molecular weight varied from 15 to 31 kDa, which is in line with previously documented bacterial fibrinolytic proteases. In the presence of EDTA, the action of metal inhibitors demonstrated a decrease in enzyme activity, suggesting that the enzymes were likely metalloproteases. An increase in the purification fold suggested better enzyme specificity and activity, even if the purification technique produced lower yields. The study concludes by showing that contaminated soil bacteria are an important source of proteases with substantial industrial and medicinal potential. The chosen isolates' potent proteolytic and thrombolytic capabilities demonstrate their potential use in enzyme-based businesses and the creation of therapeutic medicines for the management of thrombotic diseases.

Sougat Paul  ·  International Journal of Technology & Emerging Research  ·  13 May 2026

Unsplash FindAWall is a secure and performance-optimized full-stack web application for image retrieval using the Unsplash API. The system introduces a backend proxy architecture to protect API credentials and ensure secure communication. Performance is enhanced through lazy loading, LRU-based caching, and responsive image rendering, significantly reducing load time and API usage. A rate-limit-aware backend mechanism ensures reliable API governance. The architecture is designed for future integration of AI-based semantic similarity search, providing a scalable, research-oriented foundation for intelligent and secure image retrieval systems.