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https://doi.org/10.64823/ijcml.2601006

Digitization in the deep sea port context is often invoked as shorthand for technological modernization, yet its operational meaning and implications vary widely by place. This paper explicates what “digitization” means for the Limbe Deep Sea Port in Cameroon by situating the concept within port operational processes, stakeholder relationships, governance environments, and socioeconomic constraints specific to Limbe and comparable West/Central African ports. Drawing on an interdisciplinary desk-based literature review of academic studies, international agency reports, industry white papers, and regional policy documents, the study adopts a conceptual-analytical approach to define digitization as the systematic conversion and integration of analogue and paper-based port procedures into interoperable digital systems that enable real-time data exchange, automated workflows, evidence-based decision-making, and secure electronic transactions across the port ecosystem. The paper disaggregates digitization into technological (TOS, PCS, VTMS, IoT, analytics, blockchain, cybersecurity), organizational (process re-engineering, governance, procurement), human factors (skills, roles, change management), and regulatory (single window, data governance) dimensions. It identifies measurable indicators to assess progress—transaction digitalization rate, vessel turnaround time, dwell time, customs clearance time, system uptime, and workforce certification rates—and outlines likely benefits (efficiency, transparency, environmental monitoring, regional connectivity) and risks (digital divides, cyber threats, governance bottlenecks, finance constraints). The analysis highlights contextual enablers and barriers for Limbe, including infrastructure, institutional capacity, financing options, and regional integration imperatives. The paper concludes with policy and operational recommendations that prioritize staged interventions—low‑complexity quick wins, mid‑term integration, and long‑term smart-port capabilities—anchored in inclusive governance, blended finance, workforce development, and cyber resilience. The findings aim to provide a clear, practical, and academically grounded definition of digitization tailored to Limbe’s developmental and geopolitical realities.

https://doi.org/10.64823/ijcaf.2601005

This paper applies David Teece’s 2010 framework—linking business models, business strategy, and innovation—to a mission-driven Cameroonian startup, CamShield AI, which develops AI-based detection and resilience tools for deepfakes and disinformation while pursuing cultural sovereignty objectives. Using a single-case exploratory design framed by Teece’s three-part business model elements (value proposition, market segments, and value capture) and the dynamic capabilities lens (sensing, seizing, transforming), the paper diagnoses CamShield AI’s current model, identifies gaps, proposes alternative configurations, and recommends an implementation roadmap. Findings address customer pain points, value-creation mechanisms, appropriability and data strategy, complementary assets, pricing and revenue models, governance and ethics, partnerships, and scaling trade-offs in the African context. The discussion grounds each finding in Teece’s theory and in relevant literature on deepfakes, disinformation, and cultural sovereignty. The paper concludes with prioritized recommendations for business-model experimentation, capability development, and future research avenues, including empirical validation, impact evaluation, and comparative studies across African markets.

https://doi.org/10.64823/ijacc.2601004

This paper argues for a systematic reconfiguration of pedagogical practice in higher-education courses on African oral literature by moving beyond an exclusive reliance on textual transcription and translation toward an integrated, ethically-grounded multimodal pedagogy that centers performance, context, and digitally mediated representations. Grounded in decolonial and constructivist pedagogies and informed by digital humanities practices, the study draws on a mixed-methods action-research project carried out in three universities (West, East, and Southern Africa) between 2021 and 2024 involving curricular redesign, instructor workshops, student praxis labs, community-partnered documentation, and pilot AI visualization modules. Primary data comprise classroom observations, interviews with instructors, focus groups with students and cultural practitioners, analysis of student artifacts (audio/video/AI-generated images), and usage metrics for digital repositories. Findings (n = 20) identify pedagogical, technical, ethical, and institutional enablers and barriers: notably, that multimodal instruction improves students’ embodied understanding of performance, that AI-generated imagery supports metaphor comprehension when co-curated with tradition-bearers, and that ethical protocols and community consent frameworks are essential to avoid cultural extractivism. The paper details a replicable pedagogical framework—The Performative-Digital Integrative Model (PDIM)—that prescribes steps for syllabus design, multimodal assessment, community partnership, digital-archival standards, and safe AI use. It concludes that while digital and AI tools substantially expand pedagogical possibilities, their deployment must be accompanied by robust cultural governance, capacity-building, and critical reflexivity. The paper offers concrete curricular templates, assessment rubrics, technical toolkits, and an agenda for further research including large-scale studies on learning outcomes, sustainability models for digital archives, and predictive analytics to map trajectories of oral-tradition transmission in digitally-mediated contexts.

https://doi.org/10.64823/ijepp.2601005

This paper examines how cognitive load dynamics mediate the inefficiency of the learning curve observed when innovative pedagogical and research practices are introduced into higher education in Cameroon. Grounded in Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) and complementary evidence-based instructional design principles, the study combines a mixed-methods diagnostic of curricula, classroom practice, and institutional constraints with a synthesis of empirical literature. The paper identifies and analyses twenty principal findings showing how intrinsic, extraneous, and germane loads interact with contextual factors (large classes, bilingual instruction, limited infrastructure, variable student preparation) to produce slowed or regressive learning curves following innovation adoption. For each finding, we present theoretical interpretation, empirical reasoning, and actionable recommendations—emphasizing worked examples, scaffolding with systematic fading, modality choices, segmentation, pre-training, and assessment aligned to schema acquisition. The discussion situates Cameroon-specific constraints within global CLT evidence and proposes a policy-practice roadmap to accelerate efficient learning curves. Predictive analytics are introduced to model expected learning-curve trajectories under alternative design interventions. The paper concludes with implications for educators and policymakers, and a prioritized research agenda for empirically testing CLT-informed interventions in Cameroonian higher education.

https://doi.org/10.64823/ijpeh.2601001

This paper offers a comprehensive, evidence-based framework for determining the authenticity of videos of politicians, with particular emphasis on the Cameroonian context and comparable African information environments. Combining media-forensic practice, social verification methods, and critical theory, the paper synthesizes technical indicators (visual, audio, metadata), network and provenance analysis, and socio-political contextual checks into ten practical findings. Each finding is discussed in depth, with stepwise verification actions, expected limitations, and recommended escalation routes. The framework integrates insights from deepfake research, information disorder scholarship, and postcolonial critiques of platform governance to situate technical detection within broader power dynamics and digital sovereignty concerns. The paper concludes with policy and capacity-building recommendations for journalists, civil society, platform moderators, and citizens in Cameroon.

https://doi.org/10.64823/ijssr.2601002

This paper critically reviews literature on technological, socio-technical, policy and community‑based innovations intended to prevent, detect, mitigate, and respond to deepfakes, synthetic media, and disinformation campaigns. Grounded in an interdisciplinary framework that integrates information‑disorder theory (Wardle & Derakhshan, 2017), digital colonialism critiques (Couldry & Mejias, 2019; Kwet, 2019), and propaganda models (Herman & Chomsky, 1988), the review synthesizes empirical and theoretical work across media forensics, machine learning detection, platform governance, media literacy, legal remedies, and grassroots approaches. Using a systematic literature-review methodology (PRISMA guidelines), sources from technical computer-vision research, social science studies of computational propaganda, policy reports, and African/Cameroonian analyses were included. Fifteen principal findings are presented and developed, each followed by a focused discussion addressing conceptual clarity about what counts as “innovation,” trade-offs, context sensitivity (with emphasis on Cameroon and sub-Saharan Africa), and feasibility. The review concludes that “innovation” should not be limited to algorithmic novelty but must include socio‑technical innovations: context-aware detection, platform transparency, community-centered verification, legal safeguards, and investment in local digital sovereignty. The paper ends with a prioritized research and policy agenda and 25 curated references. Confidence in the review’s synthesis is moderate–high for broad patterns and more cautious for fast-moving technical claims (detection arms race), consistent with epistemic humility in emergent fields.