Sunny Devel

https://doi.org/10.64823/ijssr.2601003

The issue of climate change and the degradation in biodiversity have ceased to be a far off environmental concern but a part of everyday strain on the lives of those who are in the most immediate contact with the environment. The paper discusses the impacts of these two crises on the lives and sustainability of tribal peoples in general with specific focus on forest-reliant Adivasi people in India as compared to the larger global context. It combines recent evidence of the global evaluation about the Intergovernmental Science Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, the Living Planet Report of the World Wide Fund on Nature, the temperature record verified by the World Meteorological Organization, the effects estimation of the Intergovernmental panel on climate change, and reads that information alongside census and forestry data about tribal populations. The main point is that the tribal communities are in a problematic dual position.

https://doi.org/10.64823/ijlpg.2601005

Mental illness occupies an uneasy position as the intersection of two systems, whose constructions have different intentions. The criminal law poses a question on whether an individual has committed a wrong act, whereas the healthcare question is how an individual can be cured and assisted to recuperate. When an individual with a severe mental illness gets into a confrontation with our legal system, these two questions collide and the location that the collision occurs the most is prison. The paper will discuss the connection between mental illness and criminal responsibility and prison management and will argue that the disparity between the law and healthcare is not only due to limited resources, but a structural aspect of the nature of the two systems. It unites three groups of evidence. The initial one is the epidemiological fact, which has been unchanged over decades and dozens of countries, a serious mental illness is many times more prevalent in the population of prison than in the overall population. Second is the legal doctrine of criminal responsibility, which dates back to the MNaghten rules of 1843 to the current Section 84 of the Indian Penal Code and its recent equivalent, Section 22 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, based on a narrow criterion of cognition and excluding much of contemporary psychiatric knowledge. The third is the prison administrative reality, with more and more mentally crippled inmates colliding with a gross lack of trained personnel and legal structure whose assurances are not upheld in every aspect. The paper analyzes these three strands in the concepts of the therapeutic gap, the diversion, and the right to health and suggests that four changes to law, healthcare, and the test of responsibility, the channels that prevent the mentally ill to prisons and the quality of care within the prison itself must be all reformed at once.

https://doi.org/10.64823/ijter.2606011

One of the most significant factors of infant survival, growth and development in the first two years of life is infant feeding practices. Proper breast feeding and supplementary feeding helps in alleviating malnutrition, curbing childhood morbidity and enhancing health results in the long-term. Although significant policy interventions have taken place in India, the inequality in infant feeding habits still remains, especially in Scheduled Tribe (ST) communities. One of the most tribal states in India, Jharkhand records poor child nutrition, delayed breastfeeding initiation, insufficient complementary feeding and increased under-nutrition levels. These differences are contributed by a multifaceted combination of socioeconomic disadvantage, education disparities and entrenched cultural habits. This is a systematic literature review that provides factors to explain tribal inequalities in infant feeding practices in Jharkhand focusing on poverty, maternal education and cultural factors. The review summarises the data of 15 qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method articles (2020-2026), as well as the results of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4, NFHS-5 and new NFHS-6 evidence). The search using Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used to identify the studies and evaluate them with the help of the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The results show that poverty is one of the biggest structural obstacles that can restrict access to nutritious foods, healthcare services and the best practices of feeding infants. Mother education was always a very strong predictor of breastfeeding behaviour as well as complementary feeding behaviour, cultural beliefs and traditional food practices had a strong influence in the care giving decision of the tribal communities. The review also highlights existing inequalities and disparities in healthcare usage across the regions. The study conclude that the infant feeding inequities in Jharkhand can be mitigated by combining multifaceted methods to tackle the socioeconomic and social factors involved in the problem, alongside raising maternal education levels and ensuring cultural-sensitive nutrition programs to suit tribal households.